The Netherlands was the first country in the world to legalize same sex marriage in 2001 (Sandfort, 2014).It has been seen as a world leader in terms of LGBTQIA+ rights, and is a generally progressive country. However, although the Netherlands is relatively accepting of SGMs and is becoming increasingly more so, Dutch SGMs still face an increased amount of mental health challenges compared to their sexual and gender majority counterparts. This is especially true for people of color and bisexuals living in the country (Jivraj, 2011) (van Lisdonk, 2017) (Kuyper, 2011).
Marriage for Same-Sex Couples
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Civil Unions
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Joint Adoption
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Second Parent Adoption
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Employment Nondiscrimination Laws
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Broad Protections
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Criminalization of Violence
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Ban of Conversion Therapy
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Consensual Same-Sex Acts are Legal?
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Gender
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Max Penalty (Yrs in Prison)
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Aggarwal, S., & Gerrets, R. (2014).Exploring a Dutch paradox: an ethnographic investigation of gay men's mental health.Culture, Health & Sexuality,16(2), 105-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2013.841290
Jivraj, S., & De Jong, A. (2011). The Dutch homo-emancipation policy and its silencing effects on queer Muslims.Feminist Legal Studies, 19(2), 143. DOI 10.1007/s10691-011-9182-5
Kollman, K. (2017). Pioneering marriage for same-sex couples in the Netherlands. Journal of European Public Policy, 24(1), 100-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1147057
Kuyper, L., & Fokkema, T. (2011). Minority stress and mental health among Dutch LGBs: examination of differences between sex and sexual orientation.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 222. DOI: 10.1037/a0022688
Sandfort, T. G., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., Ransome, Y., & Schnabel, P. (2014). Same-sex sexuality and psychiatric disorders in the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). LGBT health, 1(4), 292-301. DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2014.0031
van Lisdonk, J., & Keuzenkamp, S. (2017). Towards bi-inclusive policies: Suggestions based on research on Dutch same-sex attracted young people.Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 14(2), 206-222.DOI 10.1007/s13178-016-0241-1