Since 1949, Syria’s laws state any non-heterosexual intercourse shall be punished with a term of imprisonment of up to three years (Pride Legal). In Syria there have been reports of stoning and executions of gender and sexual minority members conducted by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (Pride Legal). The ongoing Syrian Civil War since 2011 explains the lack of publications or statistics of SGM populations. The sexual and gender minority population faces threat from both the current regime, but also the large Islamist presence which deems homosexuality unacceptable and punishable (Refugee Legal Aid Information).
Marriage for Same-Sex Couples
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Civil Unions
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Joint Adoption
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Second Parent Adoption
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Employment Nondiscrimination Laws
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Broad Protections
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Criminalization of Violence
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Ban of Conversion Therapy
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Consensual Same-Sex Acts are Legal?
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Gender
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Max Penalty (Yrs in Prison)
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AFP. "ISIS stones 2 'gay men' to death in Syria: observer" Alarabiya, 2014. https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/11/25/ISIS-stones-2-gay-men-to-death-in-Syria-observer-.html
Gessen, Masha. “The L.G.B.T. Refugees in Turkey Who Refuse to Be Forgotten.”TheNewYorker, 2018, New York. https://www-newyorker-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/news/our-columnists/the-lgbt-refugees-in-turkey-who-refuse-to-be-forgotten. Accessed on February 10, 2019.
Lehtolaakso, Heidi. “Power and legitimacy through violence: What is the rationality of power in ISIS’s persecution of the LGBTQ minority?” University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Political and Economic Studies. 2018 https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/236832
“Syria crisis: What is it like to be a gay refugee?” BBCNews, 2014, Beirut, Lebanon. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-29789498/syria-crisis-what-is-it-like-to-be-a-gay-refugee. Accessed on February 26, 2019.
Talmazan, Yuliya. Cheikh Omar, Ammar. “LGBTQ Syrian refugees forced to choose between their families and identity” NBC News, Oct. 6 2019, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/lgbtq-syrian-refugees-forced-chose-between-their-families-identity-n1062446
West, Nicola. "Syrian Arab Republic LGBTI Resources" Refugee Legal Aid Information, http://www.refugeelegalaidinformation.org/syria-lgbti-resources