Romania

Although no complete estimate of the sexual and gender minority population has been conducted in Romania, the ACCEPT Association of Romania estimated that there are approximately 120,000 transgender Romanians. Romania’s social resistance to change norms around gender and sexuality has likely prevented SGM visibility. In 2018, a marriage referendum intended to redefine marriage in terms explicitly exclusive of non-heterosexual couples failed to pass, despite the nation’s strong, religiously conservative sentiments.

Studies:

Adela, M. (2010). Social perception of homosexuality in Romania. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 5726–5730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.935

Lelutiu-Weinberger, C., & Pachankis, J. E. (2017). Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of a Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender-Affirmative Mental Health Practice Training in a Highly Stigmatizing National Context. LGBT Health, 4(5), 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0194

Articles:

Andreescu, V. (2018). Sexual Minorities, Civil Rights, and Romanians’ Resistance to Social Change. New Series, 10, 31.

Exploring-experiences-of-transgender-identity-development-in-romania_Content File-PDF.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved July 25, 2020, from https://www-ceeol-com.proxy.lib.duke.edu/search/viewpdf?id=714927

Margarit, D. (2019). LGBTQ rights, conservative backlash and the constitutional definition of marriage in Romanian. Gender, Place & Culture, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2019.1567472

Racu, A., Giugăl, A., Johnston, R., & Gavriş, A. (2020). MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS When cultural strength means political weakness: Romania’s marriage referendum and the paradox of conservative mobilisation. Moravian Geographical Reports, 28, 70–80. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2020-0006

Reports:

Marin, C. (n.d.). Documentation of discrimination in the field of LGBT heath in Romania. General overview, legal framework, findings and recommendations 50.