Mexico

Demographics

Estimated Total Population:

126 million

World Bank, 2018

Estimated SGM Population:

N/A

Estimated Total SGM Adult Population:

N/A

Estimated % of SGM Adults (18+):

1.9%

INEGI, 2017

Mexico’s strong indigenous culture, along with its history of colonialism and conquerors, plays a large role in its views of SGMs. During French occupation, Mexico adopted the Napoleonic Code in 1871, which decriminalized same-sex consensual acts. Over the past five years, the Mexican Supreme Court has repeatedly ruled in favor of LGBT individuals, pushing for lower courts to allow recognize same-sex marriages and allow LGBT couples to adopt. However, actual implementation of such suggestions continues to vary widely across Mexican states: in general, large cities with greater tourism are more accepting of SGMs. Meanwhile, some rural areas of Mexico continue to discriminate against LGBT people. Unlike many other Latin American countries, there are a fair number of research done involving SGMs in Mexico, including surveys of LGBT people and investigations into the mental health of minorities.

Mexico's Laws and Policies from ILGA World Report (2019)

RECOGNITION

Marriage for Same-Sex Couples	Yes
Civil Unions	No
Joint Adoption	No
Second Parent Adoption	No

PROTECTION

Employment Nondiscrimination Laws	Yes
Broad Protections	Yes
Criminalization of Violence	Yes
Ban of Conversion Therapy	No

CRIMINALIZATION

Consensual Same-Sex Acts are Legal?	Yes
Gender	Does Not Apply
Max Penalty (Yrs in Prison)	Does Not Apply

Selected Published Studies, Reports, and Other Documents

Infante, Cesar, Sosa-Rubi, Sandra G. and Cuadra, Silvia Magali(2009)'Sex work in Mexico: vulnerability of male, travesti, transgender and transsexual sex workers',Culture, Health & Sexuality, 11:2, 125 —137, Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691050802431314

Loza, Oralia & Alvarez, Carlos & Torres, David. (2018). Healthcare and Social Services Providers Who Serve Sexual and Gender Minorities in a U.S.-Mexico Border City. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oralia_Loza/publication/322503585_Healthcare_and_Social_Services_Providers_Who_Serve_Sexual_and_Gender_Minorities_in_a_US-Mexico_Border_City/links/5b88632592851c1e123d2c5f/Healthcare-and-Social-Services-Providers-Who-Serve-Sexual-and-Gender-Minorities-in-a-US-Mexico-Border-City.pdf

Lozano-Verduzco, I., Fernández-Niño, J. A., Baruch-Domínguez, R., Área Académica 3, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Ciudad de México, México., ActúaDF, A.C., Ciudad de México, México., Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia., & Escuela de SaludPública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México. (2017). Association between internalized homophobia and mental health indicators in LGBT individuals in Mexico City. Salud Mental, 40(5), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2017.028

Murray, S. O. GLBTQ Archives. LGBTQ History: Mexico. http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/mexico_S.pdf

Oralia Loza, Oscar Beltran & Thenral Mangadu (2017) A qualitative exploratory study on gender identity and the health risks and barriers to care for transgender women living in a U.S.–Mexico border city, International Journal of Transgenderism, 18:1, 104-118, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1255868

Ortiz Hernández, L., & García Torres, M. I. (2005). Opresión internalizada y prácticas sexuales de riesgo en varones homo-y bi-sexuales deMéxico. Revista de Saúde Pública, 39(6), 956–964. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102005000600014

Out Leadership. LGBT+ Business Brief, Mexico. https://outleadership.com/content/uploads/2018/04/OL-CEO-Brief_Mexico.pdf

Society at a Glance: A spotlight on LGBT people.“How does Mexico compare?”. OECD. 2019. https://www.oecd.org/mexico/sag2019-mexico-en.pdf