Ecuador was the first country in the Americas to include a non-discrimination clause on the basis of sexual orientation in its 1998 constitution. (Lind and Keating 2013). This constitution also decriminalized homosexuality, though reports suggest that this technical change did not have meaningful effects (Rausenberger 2016). The country redrafted its constitution in 2008 in a way that both helped and hurt Ecuador’s SGM population. The 2008 constitution extended anti-discrimination protections to those of differing gender identities and expanded the idea of families to the “familia diversa”—recognizing that families often look different from a husband, a wife, and their children (Rausenberger 2016). However, this constitution also reaffirmed that homosexual couples could not be married or adopt children (Rausenberger 2016). SGM organizations are extremely active in Ecuador and activism has, in part, led to victories such as the legalization of gay marriage in 2019 and the closing of clinics dedicated to “curing” homosexuality (Equal Eyes 2019, Lind and Keating 2013).
Marriage for Same-Sex Couples
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Civil Unions
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Joint Adoption
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Second Parent Adoption
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Employment Nondiscrimination Laws
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Broad Protections
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Criminalization of Violence
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Ban of Conversion Therapy
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Consensual Same-Sex Acts are Legal?
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Gender
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Max Penalty (Yrs in Prison)
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(2019). Ecuador: Gay Marriage Takes Effect.Equal Eyes. https://equal-eyes.org/database/2019/7/10/ecuador-gay-marriage-takes-effect
Almario, M., Riggle, E. D. B., Rostosky, S. S., & Alcalde, M. C. (2013). Positive themes in LGBT self-identities in Spanish-speaking countries. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031055
Amy Lind & Christine Keating. (2013) Navigating The Left Turn, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 15:4, 515-533, DOI:10.1080/14616742.2013.813162
Botello-Peñaloza, Hector y Guerrero Rincón, Isaac. (2018). Incidencia de la violencia física en la población LGBT en Ecuador. Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas 18 (35): 129-138, julio-diciembre de 2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2018.2/a10
Day, Shelbi D. (2005). Sexual Orientation And Human Rights: The Use of Human Rights Law to Address Sexual Orientation-Based Discrimination And Violence in Ecuador. [Master’s Thesis, University of Florida]. http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0013124/day_s.pdf
Hernandez, Isabel et. Al. (2016). Risk Factors Associated with HIV Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Ecuador. American Journal of Men’s Health, 11:5, 1331-1341, DOI:10.1177/1557988316646757
Rausenberger, Julie. (2016). Different Bodies, Same Rights? The Sexual Politics of ‘LGBT’ in Ecuador. Ku Leuven, 6:2, https://www.academia.edu/21996145/DIFFERENT_BODIES_SAME_RIGHTS_-_The_Sexual_Politics_of_LGBT_in_Ecuador
Saavedra, Luis. (2018). As Gender Violence Increases, Victims Are Blamed in Ecuador. Latin America Digital Beat. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur/14590
Veguez, María Emilia Viteri. (2018). What is the Effect of Intervention to Change Attitudes Towards Transgender Individuals in the Workplace Environments in Ecuador?. University of San Francisco. http://192.188.53.14/bitstream/23000/7375/1/138300.pdfVéliz
Valencia, Y. (2019). Perspectivas de la adopción homoparental en el Ecuador. IUSTITIA SOCIALIS, 4(1), 177-192. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.35381/racji.v4i1.547
World Bank. (2018). Ecuador.Data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=EC