Colombia

Colombia is one of the more progressive countries in South America in terms of LGBTQIA+ rights. As is the case in many other Latin American countries, the prevalence of “machismo” culture (an importance of men demonstrating their “manliness”) and large Catholic influences on the country contribute to the discrimination and violence against Sexual and Gender minorities despite their legal rights. These factors likely contribute to the lack of information regarding the population of sexual and gender minorities in the country. However, it was recorded that 24,000 people in Colombia are transgender and 577,000 men have sex with men (UNAIDS 2018).

Caballero, M. A. (2011). Social movements and the constitutional court: Legal recognition of the rights of same-sex couples in Colombia.SUR-Int'l J. on Hum Rts.,14, 7.https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/surij14&div=5&g_sent=1&casa_token=CaIUg90lOkAAAAAA:uB6J5RwqUvY-blmtH5pQ-E9WmwqMO4wBTlIxUqlxlCDmwbJyuJb6ptNjQq35s7xX2UKCIcy3&collection=journals#

Choi, S. K., Divsalar, S., Flórez-Donado, J., Kittle, K., Lin, A., Meyer, I. H., & Torres-Salazar, P. (2020). AND WELLBEING OF LGBT PEOPLE IN COLOMBIA Results. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/LGBT-Colombia-English-May-2020.pdf

Espitia, M. (2016). LGBT in Colombia: aWar Within. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1156&context=gj_etds

Oettler, A. (2019). The struggle for gendered peace and LGBT rights in Colombia. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/101624/

Thylin, T. (2020). Violence, toleration, or inclusion? Exploring variation in the experiences of LGBT combatants in Colombia. Sexualities, 23(3), 445-464.DOI: 10.1177/1363460719830348

Wilson, B. M., & Gianella-Malca, C. (2019). Overcoming the Limits of Legal Opportunity Structures: LGBT Rights’ Divergent Paths in Costa Rica and Colombia.Latin American Politics and Society, 61(2), 138-163. DOI: 10.1017/lap.2018.76